Defending the foundation model view of infant development

Published on May 23, 2025

In response to the opinion article by Cusack et al. [1], Zettersten et al. [2] challenge the proposal that human infants undergo a stage-like development from sensory to goal-directed actions. Zettersten et al. depict the foundation model theory as one in which infants passively learn statistical regularities and are not capable of motivations, but it was not our intention to rule out motivations. In practice, the objective function that drives learning in a foundation model can codify rich motivation such as a curiosity for surprising things [3].

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