Kounios and Oh [1] offer a perspective on our recent review on the role of associative processes in creativity [2], highlighting potential theoretical considerations surrounding semantic memory structure. Kounios and Oh critique network-based approaches to analyzing semantic memory structure that rely, in their view, on behavioral tasks ‘downstream’ from the original source of semantic representation. Instead, they advocate for ‘upstream’ processes of semantic activation via electrophysiological methods (the N400 component).