What is the first word that comes to mind when you think of creativity? Some people may associate creativity with art; others with imagination, novelty, or expression. This exercise illustrates the phenomenon of association – how one concept links to others in memory, and how people vary in the associations they make [1]. Creative thinking has long been conceptualized as involving an associative process over memory, where concepts are combined to form new and effective ideas [2–6]. However, associative thinking has been historically challenging to study, due in part to methodological limitations in modeling memory and the retrieval processes operating on it.