The Speedy Science of Predicting Sentences

Published on April 26, 2023

Ever wonder how fast your brain can predict what’s coming next in a sentence? Scientists conducted online mouse cursor-tracking experiments to study this very question. Participants saw visual arrays with objects while listening to sentences that were either predictive or non-predictive. By analyzing participants’ mouse cursor movements, researchers found that people were able to anticipate the object mentioned in the sentence before actually hearing the word. This effect occurred at different speech rates, ranging from moderately fast to impressively rapid. These findings suggest that our brains have an amazing ability to quickly process and preactivate information based on contextual cues. The implications of this research extend to our understanding of how we comprehend and process sentences. If you’re eager to dive deeper into this fascinating research, don’t miss out on exploring the full article!

Abstract
Three online mouse cursor-tracking experiments investigated predictive sentence processing at speed. Participants viewed visual arrays with objects like a bike and kite while hearing predictive sentences like, “What the man will ride, which is shown on this page, is the bike,” or non-predictive sentences like, “What the man will spot, which is shown on this page, is the bike.” Based on the selectional restrictions of “ride” (i.e., vs. “spot”), participants made mouse cursor movements to the bike before hearing the noun “bike.” Compellingly, this effect was observed at speech rates of ∼3 (Experiment 1), ∼6 (Experiment 2), and ∼9 (Experiment 3) syllables/s. While prior research suggests striking limits on prediction, these results highlight temporal dynamics that may impact comprehenders’ ability to preactivate information when hearing impressively rapid speech. Implications for theories of sentence processing are discussed.

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