GDF15 is like the fearless hero of the brain, ready to take on aging and neurodegenerative diseases! In this study, scientists investigated how GDF15 behaves in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals. They found that while levels of GDF15 in cerebrospinal fluid did not differ between AD patients and controls, it was expressed in various brain regions, especially in neurons. Interestingly, the ratio of mature GDF15 to its precursor form was higher in the frontal cortex of AD patients, and even higher for centenarians, suggesting that aging also influences GDF15 expression. Additionally, there was a lower expression of certain mitochondrial complexes in AD patients compared to controls, and GDF15 levels correlated with IL-6 mRNA levels. When GDF15 was silenced in dermal fibroblasts in vitro, it led to decreased levels of mitochondrial complexes and increased IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that while GDF15 may not be a reliable marker for AD in cerebrospinal fluid, it plays a role in combating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in aging and AD brains. To dive deeper into the fascinating research, check out the full article!
IntroductionGrowth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial-stress-responsive molecule whose expression strongly increases with aging and age-related diseases. However, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is still debated.MethodsWe have characterized the expression of GDF15 in brain samples from AD patients and non-demented subjects (controls) of different ages.ResultsAlthough no difference in CSF levels of GDF15 was found between AD patients and controls, GDF15 was expressed in different brain areas and seems to be predominantly localized in neurons. The ratio between its mature and precursor form was higher in the frontal cortex of AD patients compared to age-matched controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, this ratio was even higher for centenarians (p < 0.01), indicating that aging also affects GDF15 expression and maturation. A lower expression of OXPHOS complexes I, III, and V in AD patients compared to controls was also noticed, and a positive correlation between GDF15 and IL-6 mRNA levels was observed. Finally, when GDF15 was silenced in vitro in dermal fibroblasts, a decrease in OXPHOS complexes transcript levels and an increase in IL-6 levels were observed.DiscussionAlthough GDF15 seems not to be a reliable CSF marker for AD, it is highly expressed in aging and AD brains, likely as a part of stress response aimed at counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
Dr. David Lowemann, M.Sc, Ph.D., is a co-founder of the Institute for the Future of Human Potential, where he leads the charge in pioneering Self-Enhancement Science for the Success of Society. With a keen interest in exploring the untapped potential of the human mind, Dr. Lowemann has dedicated his career to pushing the boundaries of human capabilities and understanding.
Armed with a Master of Science degree and a Ph.D. in his field, Dr. Lowemann has consistently been at the forefront of research and innovation, delving into ways to optimize human performance, cognition, and overall well-being. His work at the Institute revolves around a profound commitment to harnessing cutting-edge science and technology to help individuals lead more fulfilling and intelligent lives.
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