Healthy human aging has been associated with brain atrophy in prefrontal and selective temporal regions, but reductions in other brain areas have been observed. We previously found regional covariance patterns of gray matter with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy humans and rhesus macaques, using multivariate network Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM) analysis and voxel-based morphometry […]

In Horschler et al. [1], we reviewed three new anticipatory looking (AL) studies of false belief (FB) representation in non-human primates (hereafter primates) [2–4] in relation to similar studies in humans [5]. We concluded that AL evidence of belief representation in primates should be interpreted cautiously due to challenges shared with the human literature, as […]

Three recent studies [1–3], inspired by seminal work with human infants (e.g., [4]), have shown that non-human apes and macaques pass anticipatory-looking (AL) false-belief (FB) tests. These results raise the possibility that both apes and monkeys understand that others’ actions are driven not by reality but by beliefs about reality, even when those beliefs are […]