Memory-related impairments in type 2 diabetes may be mediated by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Previous cross-sectional studies have controversially suggested a relationship between metabolic control and a decrease in hippocampal volumes, but only longitudinal studies can test this hypothesis directly. We performed a longitudinal morphometric study to provide a direct test of a possible role […]

There is a clue in the name. ‘Infant’ is derived from the Latin in fans (without speech). Human babies cannot report their experiences and are uncooperative (to say the least) when it comes to experimental task instructions. For these reasons, it has been difficult to establish when babies become conscious. Bayne and colleagues propose a […]

In a recent paper [1], we suggested that the question of when consciousness emerges is best answered by asking when markers of consciousness that have been validated in adults might first appear. Taking four such markers, we argued in favour of an ‘early onset’ view, suggesting that consciousness is likely to be in place by […]