The unique anatomical and physiological connections between the nasal cavity and brain provide a pathway for bypassing the blood–brain barrier to allow for direct brain-targeted drug delivery through nasal administration. There are several advantages of nasal administration compared with other routes; for example, the first-pass effect that leads to the metabolism of orally administered drugs […]

Non-motor symptoms are prevalent among individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and seriously affect patient quality of life, even more so than motor symptoms. In the past decade, an increasing number of studies have investigated non-motor symptoms in PD. The present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the global literature, trends, and hotspots of research investigating non-motor […]

BackgroundThe effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on the cognition and mood of patients with PD are still not uniformly concluded, and young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) is even less explored.ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness of STN-DBS on the cognition and mood of YOPD patients.MethodsA total of 27 subjects, with a mean age at onset […]