What entities are conscious and how could we ever know? We recently provided a framework for developing validated tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’): the Iterative Natural Kind Strategy (INKS) [1]. Brown and colleagues [2] raise some important questions for the INKS approach, although we are not sure how different their answers to those questions are from […]

How can we validate tests for consciousness beyond healthy adult humans? Bayne and colleagues propose the ‘iterative natural kind strategy’ (INKS) [1]. INKS begins by taking seriously all tests with at least some face validity rather than restricting our attention to a small subset of tests that antecedently pass stringent requirements of validation. We then […]