The evolution of whole-body endothermy occurred independently in dinosaurs and mammals and was associated with some of the most significant neurocognitive shifts in life’s history. These included a 20-fold increase in neurons and the evolution of new brain structures, supporting similar functions in both lineages. We propose the endothermic brain hypothesis, which holds that elaborations […]

Looking back at the emergence of consciousness in early life, one may repurpose the distinction between the ‘easy’ and the ‘hard problem’ [1]. The easy problem is when consciousness sets on in early development. By contrast, the hard problem is how conscious experiences get off the ground. Bayne et al. [2] address the easy problem […]