Varieties of aphantasia

Close your eyes and visualize an apple. For most of us, this yields an experience of a faint image of an apple. However, for some people, there is no such experience. This is aphantasia [1]. I have introduced aphantasia with the help of introspective criteria: close your eyes, try to visualize, and tell me about your experience. Indeed, this is the way in which aphantasics are identified: if you fill out a questionnaire (typically, but not exclusively, the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire), and you score below a certain value, you are an aphantasic.

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