Parkinson’s disease is like a complex puzzle, and scientists are trying to find all the right pieces to solve it. One piece they’ve been looking at is the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and levels of plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate. To make things clearer, researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, which is like a big map that shows where all the puzzle pieces might fit together. They looked at different studies published before May 2023 and found that PD patients tend to have lower levels of folate and vitamin B12 compared to healthy individuals. But interestingly, they have higher levels of homocysteine. This suggests that these vitamin levels and homocysteine may play a role in the risk and severity of PD. The study also found that certain factors like age, levodopa therapy, and cognitive impairment could affect the homocysteine levels in PD patients. However, more research is needed to fully understand how these vitamins and homocysteine are involved in Parkinson’s disease. If you’re curious to learn more about this fascinating topic, check out the underlying research!
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. However, the relationship between PD and plasma homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, and folate has yielded inconsistent results in previous studies. Hence, in order to address this ambiguity, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the existing evidence.MethodsSuitable studies published prior to May 2023 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Ovid, and Web of Science. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis and publication bias were then performed using R version 4.3.1.ResultsThe results of our meta-analysis, consisting of case–control and cross-sectional studies, showed that PD patients had lower folate and vitamin B12 levels (SMD [95%CI]: −0.30[−0.39, −0.22], p < 0.001 for Vitamin B12; SMD [95%CI]: −0.20 [−0.28, −0.13], p < 0.001 for folate), but a significant higher Hcy level (SMD [95%CI]: 0.86 [0.59, 1.14], p < 0.001) than healthy people. Meanwhile, PD was significantly related to hyperhomocysteinemia (SMD [95%]: 2.02 [1.26, 2.78], p < 0.001) rather than plasma Hcy below 15 μmol/L (SMD [95%]: −0.31 [−0.62, 0.00], p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed associations between the Hcy level of PD patients and region (p = 0.03), age (p = 0.03), levodopa therapy (p = 0.03), Hoehn and Yahr stage (p < 0.001), and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). However, gender (p = 0.38) and sample size (p = 0.49) were not associated.ConclusionHcy, vitamin B12, and folic acid potentially predict the onset and development of PD. Additionally, multiple factors were linked to Hcy levels in PD patients. Further studies are needed to comprehend their roles in PD.
Dr. David Lowemann, M.Sc, Ph.D., is a co-founder of the Institute for the Future of Human Potential, where he leads the charge in pioneering Self-Enhancement Science for the Success of Society. With a keen interest in exploring the untapped potential of the human mind, Dr. Lowemann has dedicated his career to pushing the boundaries of human capabilities and understanding.
Armed with a Master of Science degree and a Ph.D. in his field, Dr. Lowemann has consistently been at the forefront of research and innovation, delving into ways to optimize human performance, cognition, and overall well-being. His work at the Institute revolves around a profound commitment to harnessing cutting-edge science and technology to help individuals lead more fulfilling and intelligent lives.
Dr. Lowemann’s influence extends to the educational platform BetterSmarter.me, where he shares his insights, findings, and personal development strategies with a broader audience. His ongoing mission is shaping the way we perceive and leverage the vast capacities of the human mind, offering invaluable contributions to society’s overall success and collective well-being.