Just like a car needs its engine to function smoothly, cognitive control is a critical component of human life. As we age, understanding how our cognitive control changes becomes increasingly important. Traditional research indicated a general decline in cognitive control as we get older, with slower processing speed and changes in the frontal cortex to blame. However, recent studies have challenged this notion by revealing diverse patterns of aging, specific declines in certain areas, alterations in resting state networks, and increased connectivity in the brain. Thanks to advances in neuroimaging, scientists have even developed models that suggest our brains can reorganize themselves to compensate for any losses and maintain cognitive control. In this article, we delve into the latest research on how cognitive control changes as we age. We start by examining the traditional views and then explore the groundbreaking findings that have turned the field on its head. Finally, we suggest areas for future study that will further enhance our understanding of this vital topic.
Cognitive control is one of the most fundamental aspects of human life. Its ageing is an important contemporary research area due to the needs of the growing ageing population, such as prolonged independence and quality of life. Traditional ageing research argued for a global decline in cognitive control with age, typically characterised by slowing processing speed and driven by changes in the frontal cortex. However, recent advances questioned this perspective by demonstrating high heterogeneity in the ageing data, domain-specific declines, activity changes in resting state networks, and increased functional connectivity. Moreover, improvements in neuroimaging techniques have enabled researchers to develop compensatory models of neural reorganisation that helps negate the effects of neural losses and promote cognitive control. In this article on typical ageing, we review recent behavioural and neural findings related to the decline in cognitive control among older adults. We begin by reviewing traditional perspectives and continue with how recent work challenged those perspectives. In the discussion section, we propose key areas of focus for future research in the field.
Dr. David Lowemann, M.Sc, Ph.D., is a co-founder of the Institute for the Future of Human Potential, where he leads the charge in pioneering Self-Enhancement Science for the Success of Society. With a keen interest in exploring the untapped potential of the human mind, Dr. Lowemann has dedicated his career to pushing the boundaries of human capabilities and understanding.
Armed with a Master of Science degree and a Ph.D. in his field, Dr. Lowemann has consistently been at the forefront of research and innovation, delving into ways to optimize human performance, cognition, and overall well-being. His work at the Institute revolves around a profound commitment to harnessing cutting-edge science and technology to help individuals lead more fulfilling and intelligent lives.
Dr. Lowemann’s influence extends to the educational platform BetterSmarter.me, where he shares his insights, findings, and personal development strategies with a broader audience. His ongoing mission is shaping the way we perceive and leverage the vast capacities of the human mind, offering invaluable contributions to society’s overall success and collective well-being.