Eye movements as a cognitive decline window

Published on July 20, 2023

Imagine if we could understand the inner workings of a complex machine just by watching its gears and levers move. Well, scientists have discovered that our eyes can provide a similar revealing insight into the cognitive processes of the brain. In a recent study, researchers explored different visual tasks to distinguish between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and those who are cognitively healthy. By studying eye movements during tasks like anti-saccade and memory-guided fixation, they found that the horizontal and vertical anti-saccade tasks were particularly effective in differentiating MCI and dementia from healthy aging. The accuracy of this differentiation was around 92% based on saccade latencies. Interestingly, these latencies were strongly correlated with scores on neuropsychological tests. This research opens up exciting possibilities for using eye movements as a diagnostic tool for professionals working with individuals affected by cognitive decline. If you want to dive deeper into this fascinating study, check out the full article!

IntroductionOne’s eye movement (in response to visual tasks) provides a unique window into the cognitive processes and higher-order cognitive functions that become adversely affected in cases with cognitive decline, such as those mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. MCI is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia.MethodsIn the current work, we have focused on identifying visual tasks (such as horizontal and vertical Pro-saccade, Anti-saccade and Memory Guided Fixation tasks) that can differentiate individuals with MCI and dementia from their cognitively unimpaired healthy aging counterparts based on oculomotor Performance indices. In an attempt to identify the optimal combination of visual tasks that can be used to differentiate the participant groups, clustering was performed using the oculomotor Performance indices.ResultsResults of our study with a group of 60 cognitively unimpaired healthy aging individuals, a group with 60 individuals with MCI and a group with 60 individuals with dementia indicate that the horizontal and vertical Anti-saccade tasks provided the optimal combination that could differentiate individuals with MCI and dementia from their cognitively unimpaired healthy aging counterparts with clustering accuracy of ∼92% based on the saccade latencies. Also, the saccade latencies during both of these Anti-saccade tasks were found to strongly correlate with the Neuropsychological test scores.DiscussionThis suggests that the Anti-saccade tasks can hold promise in clinical practice for professionals working with individuals with MCI and dementia.

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