Adverse childhood experiences and access to resources in childhood, as measured by SES, have been consistently linked to children’s neurodevelopment [1–5]. Recent theories have proposed that experiencing adversity or low SES early in life may alter the pace of neurodevelopment [6–9]. While most of these models focus on adversity broadly [6–8], they have been expanded to include SES [9], given that SES likely impacts neurodevelopment via similar pathways [5,9,10] (although note that adversity and low SES are related but not interchangeable constructs) (Box 1).

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