Mapping the Brain: Grey Matter Atrophy and Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease

Published on January 6, 2023

Imagine exploring a vast and intricate city, where the buildings represent different regions of the brain and the roads symbolize the connections between them. In this study, scientists took a closer look at how Alzheimer’s disease affects this complex network. They examined the progressive changes in grey matter volume and structural covariance connectivity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease over a one-year period. The results revealed a striking pattern of grey matter atrophy in various regions, such as the frontal cortex, temporal gyrus, and hippocampus. These areas experienced significant volume decrease, which was associated with cognitive decline. Additionally, the researchers discovered reduced connectivity between certain brain regions that play a crucial role in memory and information processing. By using the grey matter atrophy as features, they were able to accurately distinguish Alzheimer’s patients from healthy controls. This study sheds light on the intricate changes that occur in the brain during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting potential targets for further research and therapeutic interventions.

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and characterized by cognitive decline and brain structure atrophy. While studies have reported substantial grey matter atrophy related to progression of AD, it remains unclear about brain regions with progressive grey matter atrophy, covariance connectivity, and the associations with cognitive decline in AD patients.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the grey matter atrophy, structural covariance connectivity abnormalities, and the correlations between grey matter atrophy and cognitive decline during AD progression.MaterialsWe analyzed neuroimaging data of healthy controls (HC, n = 45) and AD patients (n = 40) at baseline (AD-T1) and one-year follow-up (AD-T2) obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We investigated AD-related progressive changes of grey matter volume, covariance connectivity, and the clinical relevance to further understand the pathological progression of AD.ResultsThe results showed clear patterns of grey matter atrophy in inferior frontal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, insula, hippocampus, caudate, and thalamus in AD patients. There was significant atrophy in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left caudate in AD patients over a one-year period, and the grey matter volume decrease in right STG and left caudate was correlated with cognitive decline. Additionally, we found reduced structural covariance connectivity between right STG and left caudate in AD patients. Using AD-related grey matter atrophy as features, there was high discrimination accuracy of AD patients from HC, and AD patients at different time points.

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