Imagine the Outer Plexiform Layer of a retina as a bustling city with different neighborhoods, each dedicated to processing a specific type of visual information. In this magnificent city, cone pedicles act as the main gates, delivering inputs to various types of cone bipolar cells (CBCs). Each CBC subtype governs a specialized processing channel that […]
Imagine you’re building a machine brain, and you want it to learn like a human brain. Turns out, the brain-inspired approach of predictive coding can significantly improve the performance of challenging tasks for machines! In the world of artificial neural networks, backpropagation has been the star algorithm for training. But critics argue that it doesn’t […]
Think of sleep as a superhero that protects the brain from harm. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), sleep disturbances can disrupt this protection. Researchers have discovered a link between the neuropeptide orexin-A (OX-A) and a molecule called 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid (2-AGP) in AD. OX-A, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, stimulates the production of 2-AG, which […]
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