Unlocking Cognitive Potential in Older Adults through Brain Stimulation and Training

Published on October 10, 2022

Aging is like a garden of diverse flowers, with some bright and blooming while others face the challenge of wilting. To help counteract cognitive decline in aging individuals, scientists have been exploring the combination of brain stimulation and cognitive training. They recently conducted a preliminary study to examine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in combination with working memory training. The study focused on older adults with lower working memory capacity, who were most likely to benefit from this combined regimen. The results revealed that this multi-faceted approach had a selective positive impact on the working memory performance of old-old adults, who showed lower initial working memory capacity. These findings suggest that personalized treatments based on individual cognitive profiles could be key to unlocking cognitive potential in older adults. With further research into individual characteristics and tailored interventions, we may discover even more effective ways to support cognitive function as we age.

Aging is a very diverse process: successful agers retain most cognitive functioning, while others experience mild to severe cognitive decline. This decline may eventually negatively impact one’s everyday activities. Therefore, scientists must develop approaches to counteract or, at least, slow down the negative change in cognitive performance of aging individuals. Combining cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach that capitalizes on the plasticity of brain networks. However, the efficacy of combined methods depends on individual characteristics, such as the cognitive and emotional state of the individual entering the training program. In this report, we explored the effectiveness of working memory training, combined with tDCS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), to manipulate working memory performance in older individuals. We hypothesized that individuals with lower working memory capacity would benefit the most from the combined regimen. Thirty older adults took part in a 5-day combined regimen. Before and after the training, we evaluated participants’ working memory performance with five working memory tasks. We found that individual characteristics influenced the outcome of combined cognitive training and tDCS regimens, with the intervention selectively benefiting old-old adults with lower working memory capacity. Future work should consider developing individualized treatments by considering individual differences in cognitive profiles.

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