Matching Sound and Sight: How Attention Affects Audiovisual Integration in Older Adults

Published on October 17, 2022

Like a tricky balancing act, older adults face challenges in perceiving and integrating sights and sounds. This study explores the effects of auditory attention on audiovisual integration in older adults using ERPs. By assigning participants a dual-task paradigm (a Go/No-go task and RSAP task), researchers examined how different levels of auditory attentional load affected the temporal dynamics of audiovisual integration. The results showed that both older and younger adults responded more quickly and accurately to audiovisual stimuli compared to visual or auditory stimuli alone. Interestingly, under no-attentional auditory load conditions, weaker integration was observed at earlier processing stages, but stronger integration was seen in later stages. Additionally, older adults displayed greater audiovisual integration than younger adults at specific time intervals. Notably, when the auditory load was low, older adults exhibited significantly greater audiovisual integration than their younger counterparts during a specific time window. These findings shed light on the intricate relationship between auditory attentional load and audiovisual integration in aging. Further research could delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for improving audiovisual integration in older adults.

As older adults experience degenerations in perceptual ability, it is important to gain perception from audiovisual integration. Due to attending to one or more auditory stimuli, performing other tasks is a common challenge for older adults in everyday life. Therefore, it is necessary to probe the effects of auditory attentional load on audiovisual integration in older adults. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) and a dual-task paradigm [Go / No-go task + rapid serial auditory presentation (RSAP) task] to investigate the temporal dynamics of audiovisual integration. Behavioral results showed that both older and younger adults responded faster and with higher accuracy to audiovisual stimuli than to either visual or auditory stimuli alone. ERPs revealed weaker audiovisual integration under the no-attentional auditory load condition at the earlier processing stages and, conversely, stronger integration in the late stages. Moreover, audiovisual integration was greater in older adults than in younger adults at the following time intervals: 60–90, 140–210, and 430–530 ms. Notably, only under the low load condition in the time interval of 140–210 ms, we did find that the audiovisual integration of older adults was significantly greater than that of younger adults. These results delineate the temporal dynamics of the interactions with auditory attentional load and audiovisual integration in aging, suggesting that modulation of auditory attentional load affects audiovisual integration, enhancing it in older adults.

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