Evolution of cortical neurons supporting human cognition

Published on September 16, 2022

Imagine the human brain as a city that has grown and evolved over time. Just like a city expands by building more houses, our cognitive abilities have expanded due to the growth of cortical neurons in our brains. But it’s not just about quantity; it’s also about quality! Recent research has uncovered fascinating insights into the unique features of human cortical neurons and how they are organized within our brain’s microstructure. These studies have focused on the supragranular cortical layers, which experienced significant growth during human brain evolution. They’ve revealed special properties of the principal cells, called pyramidal neurons, that play a crucial role in our cognition. By understanding the structure, function, and transcriptomic characteristics of these neurons, scientists hope to unravel the mysteries behind human intelligence and unique cognitive abilities. If you’re intrigued by the complexity of our brain and want to delve deeper into this cutting-edge research, click the link below to explore the full article!

Human cognitive abilities are generally thought to arise from cortical expansion over the course of human brain evolution. In addition to increased neuron numbers, this cortical expansion might be driven by adaptations in the properties of single neurons and their local circuits. We review recent findings on the distinct structural, functional, and transcriptomic features of human cortical neurons and their organization in cortical microstructure. We focus on the supragranular cortical layers, which showed the most prominent expansion during human brain evolution, and the properties of their principal cells: pyramidal neurons.

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