VOLUME | JUN 2022 An Exciting Breakthrough in Reinforcement Learning for Monkeys

Learning is a crucial basis for biological systems to adapt to environments. Environments include various states or episodes, and episode-dependent learning is essential in adaptation to such complex situations. Here, we developed a model for learning a two-target search task used in primate physiological experiments. In the task, the agent is required to gaze one of the four presented light spots. Two neighboring spots are served as the correct target alternately, and the correct target pair is switched after a certain number of consecutive successes. In order for the agent to obtain rewards with a high probability, it is necessary to make decisions based on the actions and results of the previous two trials. Our previous work achieved this by using a dynamic state space. However, to learn a task that includes events such as fixation to the initial central spot, the model framework should be extended. For this purpose, here we propose a “history-in-episode architecture.” Specifically, we divide states into episodes and histories, and actions are selected based on the histories within each episode. When we compared the proposed model including the dynamic state space with the conventional SARSA method in the two-target search task, the former performed close to the theoretical optimum, while the latter never achieved target-pair switch because it had to re-learn each correct target each time. The reinforcement learning model including the proposed history-in-episode architecture and dynamic state scape enables episode-dependent learning and provides a basis for highly adaptable learning systems to complex environments.

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Dr. David Lowemann

Dr. David Lowemann, M.Sc, Ph.D., is a co-founder of the Institute for the Future of Human Potential, where he leads the charge in pioneering Self-Enhancement Science for the Success of Society. With a keen interest in exploring the untapped potential of the human mind, Dr. Lowemann has dedicated his career to pushing the boundaries of human capabilities and understanding.

Armed with a Master of Science degree and a Ph.D. in his field, Dr. Lowemann has consistently been at the forefront of research and innovation, delving into ways to optimize human performance, cognition, and overall well-being. His work at the Institute revolves around a profound commitment to harnessing cutting-edge science and technology to help individuals lead more fulfilling and intelligent lives.

Dr. Lowemann’s influence extends to the educational platform BetterSmarter.me, where he shares his insights, findings, and personal development strategies with a broader audience. His ongoing mission is shaping the way we perceive and leverage the vast capacities of the human mind, offering invaluable contributions to society’s overall success and collective well-being.

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