Deep neural networks, inspired by information processing in the brain, can achieve human-like performance for various tasks. However, research efforts to use these networks as models of the brain have primarily focused on modeling healthy brain function so far. In this work, we propose a paradigm for modeling neural diseases in silico with deep learning and demonstrate its use in modeling posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), an atypical form of Alzheimer’s disease affecting the visual cortex. We simulated PCA in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained for visual object recognition by randomly injuring connections between artificial neurons. Results showed that injured networks progressively lost their object recognition capability. Simulated PCA impacted learned representations hierarchically, as networks lost object-level representations before category-level representations. Incorporating this paradigm in computational neuroscience will be essential for developing in silico models of the brain and neurological diseases. The paradigm can be expanded to incorporate elements of neural plasticity and to other cognitive domains such as motor control, auditory cognition, language processing, and decision making.

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