Artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) initially inspired by the brain enable computers to solve cognitive tasks at which humans excel. In the absence of explanations for such cognitive phenomena, in turn cognitive scientists have started using DNNs as models to investigate biological cognition and its neural basis, creating heated debate. Here, we reflect on the […]

A deeply challenging and popular question concerns what information is preserved during processing of invisible stimuli. Can an invisible stimulus reach processing stages commonly attributed to high-level semantic or cognitive processing? Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a perceptual suppression technique that provides a means to test this question because it allows for keeping stimuli invisible […]