Submentalizing Cannot Explain Belief-Based Action Anticipation in Apes

Published on July 17, 2017

Humans not only track each other’s behavior but also make inferences about what others are thinking. An enduring question in cognitive science concerns the extent to which this theory of mind (ToM) is shared with nonhuman animals [1]. Adapting a seminal eye-tracking paradigm [2], we recently showed that humans’ closest ape relatives (bonobos, chimpanzees, and orangutans) can pass a modified false belief test [3]. Specifically, apes looked in anticipation of an actor searching for an object where the actor had last seen it, even though the apes themselves knew that it was no longer there.

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